In an economy where many homeowners are sitting tight and not selling, unfortunate financial circumstances are one reason that many good homes do come on the market. When a homeowner can no longer afford to pay the mortgage and if the home is worth less than what is owed on it, the alternatives are temporary mortgage reduction, short sale or foreclosure.
Here’s a summary of the second option – the short sale – along with a rough timeline. There is no such thing as a schedule when it comes to a short sale – the banks operate on their own timelines, there are no deadlines and timing is primarily a function of the bank’s workload. Short sales can occasionally be done in as little as three months, or can drag on for six months or more and never close. So this is more to illustrate the steps rather than the timeline.
Steps in the Short Sale Process
1. Seller stops paying the mortgage. The seller’s mortgage holder will not usually consider a short sale unless the seller can prove that they’re unable to make the mortgage payments.
2. Seller puts their home on the market. The initial asking price may be unrealistically high (in order to pay off the loan completely,) at about current market prices (to get an offer in a reasonable amount of time with the best chance of the mortgage holder approving the offer in a reasonable amount of time) or unrealistically low (in order to get an offer very quickly and get something in front of the mortgage holder, even if the mortgage holder comes back with a higher amount.)
3. Buyer makes an offer and buyer and seller negotiate and finalize a purchase and sale agreement. This is what we’ll consider DAY 1.
4. Seller submits all the documentation required by the mortgage holder to show that they will not be able to make the mortgage payments in the foreseeable future, along with the purchase and sale agreement. This can easily take a week or more. Let’s say that gets us to DAY 7.
5. The seller’s mortgage holder inputs the information and assigns a loss mitigation negotiator. Let’s say that gets us to DAY 30.
6. The negotiator reviews the file, makes sure the documentation is complete and that the seller’s financial situation and the home are candidates for a short sale. They often request additional or updated documentation, which can add weeks to the process at this stage.
7. If the documentation is complete and the seller and property are candidates for a short sale, the negotiator will order a Broker’s Price Opinion (BPO.) The BPO tells the negotiator what the property is currently worth, so that they may gauge whether the buyer’s offer is a fair price for the home or if the mortgage holder (investor) should counter back at a higher price. On an optimistic timeline, this gets us to DAY 60.
8. Once the negotiator has the BPO in hand, they then review the BPO with the investor and the investor decides how much they’re willing to accept for the property. Sometimes this is based on the amount offered by the buyer, sometimes it’s a higher amount. The negotiator will then issue a LETTER OF CONSENT. This might happen as early as DAY 90.
9. If the letter of consent is based on the price offered by the buyer or the buyer accepts a higher price required by the letter of consent, the sale can then move forward on a normal timeline including the inspection, appraisal and financing which usually takes about a month, taking us to DAY 120.
So – If everything goes smoothly (and that’s the exception rather than the norm,) once a seller accepts a buyer’s offer in a short sale transaction, the sale might close in about 4 months. I’ve seen it happen in 3 months. I’ve seen it take 7 months. I’ve seen it take 7 months with absolutely no response from the lender and fall apart at that point. So there’s no predicting – just sharing the steps.